Abstract: The main objective of this research was to understand the perception of social actors about tourism in rural areas (TRA), analyzing the challenges to achieve integrated rural tourism (IRT). The research adopts a case study approach in the municipality of Piranguçu. The qualitative method used primary and secondary data collection. The sources of the secondary data were institutional documents. Primary data were compiled from 49 semi-structured interviews with farmers, tourism entrepreneurs, government and non-governmental organization (NGO) representatives, and participant observation at the Municipal Tourism Council (COMTUR). The results showed that positive socioeconomic effects underpin tourism supportive behavior. The potential of tourism is based on the natural and cultural resources incorporated in the locality. However, the role of tourism in local development has not yet reached its full potential. The main challenges are greater assertiveness of local government, improvements in infrastructure and services, collaboration among stakeholders, and social participation. The research highlights the importance of tourism for the diversification of the rural economy and guides managers and institutions with proposals aimed at boosting the revitalization of rural areas.

Resumen: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal comprender la percepción de los actores sociales sobre el turismo en zonas rurales (TZR), analizando los desafíos para alcanzar el turismo rural integrado (TRI). La investigación adopta un enfoque de estudio de caso en el municipio de Piranguçu. El método cualitativo utilizó la recolección de datos primarios y secundarios. Las fuentes de los datos secundarios fueron documentos institucionales. Los datos primarios se recopilaron a partir de 49 entrevistas semiestructuradas con agricultores, empresarios turísticos, representantes del gobierno y de organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG), y de la observación participante en el Consejo Municipal de Turismo (COMTUR). Los resultados mostraron que los efectos socioeconómicos positivos sustentan el comportamiento de apoyo al turismo. El potencial del turismo se basa en los recursos naturales y culturales incorporados a la localidad. Sin embargo, el papel del turismo en el desarrollo local aún no ha alcanzado todo su potencial. Los principales retos son una mayor asertividad del gobierno local, la mejora de las infraestructuras y los servicios, la colaboración entre las partes interesadas y la participación social. La investigación destaca la importancia del turismo para la diversificación de la economía rural y orienta a gestores e instituciones con propuestas dirigidas a impulsar la revitalización de las zonas rurales.

Resumo: O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender a percepção dos atores sociais sobre o turismo no espaço rural (TER), analisando os desafios para atingir o turismo rural integrado (TRI). A pesquisa adota uma abordagem de estudo de caso no município de Piranguçu (MG). O método qualitativo usou de coleta de dados primários e secundários. As fontes dos dados secundários foram documentos institucionais. Os dados primários foram compilados a partir de 49 entrevistas semiestruturadas com agricultores, empreendedores do turismo, representantes do governo e da organização não governamental (ONG), além da observação participante no Conselho Municipal de Turismo (COMTUR). Os resultados mostraram que os efeitos socioeconômicos positivos sustentam o comportamento de apoio ao turismo. O potencial do turismo se baseia nos recursos naturais e culturais incorporados à localidade. No entanto, o papel do turismo no desenvolvimento local ainda não atingiu o potencial máximo. Os principais desafios são maior assertividade do governo local, melhorias de infraestrutura e serviços, colaboração entre os atores e a participação social. A pesquisa destaca a importância do turismo para a diversificação da economia rural e orienta os gestores e instituições com propostas voltadas para impulsionar a revitalização do meio rural.

RESUMO: As análises de correlações canônicas baseadas nas correlações genotípicas, permitem determinar associações entre grupos de caracteres e realizar a seleção direta ou indireta de genótipos superiores. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar a existência de relações lineares e multivariadas entre caracteres de alta e baixa herdabilidade via análise de correlações canônicas com base nas correlações genotípicas. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental Professor Diogo Alves de Melo da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. 90 cultivares de trigo foram avaliadas sob o delineamento alpha-lattice 9 × 10, com três repetições e parcelas constituídas por quatro linhas de três metros espaçadas a 0.20 metros. Os grupos canônicos foram estabelecidos entre altura de espiga e planta, dias para o espigamento, número de espiguetas por espiga e número de grãos por espiga (Grupo I) e, peso de espiga, massa de grãos da espiga, massa de 100 grãos, peso hectolitro e produtividade de grãos (Grupo II). Houve dependência entre os grupos estabelecidos, o que permitiu a investigação das relações entre os caracteres com base em seus valores genotípicos. Os caracteres ciclo e altura de plantas podem ser utilizados para a seleção indireta de genótipos superiores em peso hectolitro e produtividade, fatores estes importantes para indústrias e produtores.

ABSTRACT: Canonical correlation analysis based on genotypic correlations allows determining the associations between groups of traits and carrying out the direct or indirect selection of superior genotypes. This study investigated the existence of linear and multivariate relationships between high and low heritability traits via canonical correlation analysis based on genotypic correlations. The experiment was conducted at the Professor Diogo Alves de Melo Experimental Field at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in Viçosa, MG. 90 wheat cultivars were evaluated under a 9 × 10 alpha-lattice design, with three replications and plots consisting of four rows of three meters spaced at 0.20 meters. Canonical groups were established between spike height and plant height, days for heading, number of spikelets per spike, and number of grains per spike (Group I) and, spike weight, spike grain mass, 100-grain mass, hectoliter weight, and grain yield (Group II). There was dependence between the established groups, which allowed the investigation of the relationships between traits based on their genotypic values. The traits cycle and plant height can be used for indirect selection of genotypes superior in hectoliter weight and grain yield, which are important factors for industries and farmers.

ABSTRACT The immediate need for the increase in wheat production to meet the future world demand, associated with the occurrence of drastic climatic events, such as drought, makes it necessary to develop drought-resilient genotypes. The aims of this work were to evaluate the use of drought-tolerance indices for the selection of wheat genotypes, to compare the genetic gains in grain yield using different selection strategies by means of a multi-trait index, and to select superior drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. The total of 31 tropical wheat lines was evaluated in two experiments. Five agronomic traits were accessed. The grain yield data from the stress and nonstress experiments were used to obtain five drought-tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis, and four selection scenarios were designed. There was a significant effect of genotype for all traits. The inclusion of drought-tolerance indices in the selection index provided superior genetic gains in drought condition. Seven lines were selected due the high frequency of favorable alleles for drought-tolerance and other important agronomic traits. Drought-tolerance indices are appropriate for characterizing the response of wheat genotypes to drought-stress. The inclusion of drought-tolerance indices along with agronomic traits in multi-trait selection strategies provides for superior gains in grain yield compared to the non-inclusion of the indices.

Abstract The selection of parents to originate promising base populations, as well as the knowledge of the gene effects controlling agronomic traits by means of diallel, are useful to drive genetic gains in Brazilian tropical wheat breeding programs. The goals of this study were to select tropical wheat parents with a high frequency of favorable alleles and segregating populations with high potential to originate superior progenies through partial diallel analysis. Thus, 14 parents were divided in two groups and crossed in a 7 × 7 partial diallel scheme to originate 49 F1 combinations. After obtaining F2 generation, the populations and the parents were evaluated in the field in the summer of 2021. Days for heading, plant height, rust and yellow spot resistance, and grain yield were evaluated. The data were subjected to partial diallel analysis. There were significant effects of general combining ability for all traits. The specific combining ability effect was significant for days for heading and plant height. The additive gene effects were predominant over the non-additive ones. The parents with the highest frequency of favorable alleles for the traits evaluated were selected in each group. Four populations with high genetic potential to originate superior progenies were selected.

RESUMEN La selección de poblaciones segregantes con potencial para derivar líneas es esencial para los programas de mejoramiento. El presente trabajo presenta el potencial de las poblaciones tropicales de trigo F2 (Triticum aestivum L.) generadas a partir de combinaciones de cruces dialélicos completos. Para ello, se combinaron ocho cultivares de trigo tropical en un diseño dialélico completo en 2019 después de multiplicar semillas Fj en invernadero y se evaluaron en campo las semillas de 56 poblaciones F2, más los ocho progenitores, en la cosecha de invierno de 2020 en un diseño reticular simple (8x8) en Vicosa, MG, Brasil. Se evaluaron las variables: severidad de la mancha amarilla (Pyrenophora triticirepentis), severidad del tizón (WHB) (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum), número de días hasta embuchamiento, altura de la espiga y peso total de grano en la parcela. El análisis dialélico se realizó utilizando modelos mixtos para obtener los efectos de capacidad combinatoria general (GCA), capacidad combinatoria específica (SCA) y estimación de valores genotípicos de la población. El efecto aditivo predominó para el control de todas las variables, excepto para la altura de la espiga. Hubo mayores efectos de GCA para el conjunto de plantas madres progenitoras. La he-redabilidad, en sentido estricto, osciló entre 0.20 (tizón) y 0.66 (embuchamiento). Hubo efecto de la CGA materna para todas las variables, mientras que para la CGA paterna solo para número de días hasta embuchamiento y peso total de grano en la parcela. Las poblaciones derivadas de los cultivares TBIO Aton, TBIO Ponteiro y TBIO Sossego presentaron menor severidad de la enfermedad, mientras que las combinaciones de BRS 254, BRS 264 y BRS 394 presentaron un tiempo de maduración más temprano. Las combinaciones más promisorias para derivar líneas para el conjunto de variables evaluadas fueron BRS 254 x CD 1303, BRS 394 x TBIO Aton, TBIO Aton x BRS 254, CD 1303 x BRS 254 y CD 1303 x BRS 264.

ABSTRACT The selection of segregating populations with the potential for derived lines is essential for breeding programs. The present work analyzes the potential of tropical F2 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations originated from complete diallel cross combinations. For this purpose, eight tropical wheat cultivars were combined in a complete diallel design in 2019 after Fj seeds were multiplied in a greenhouse and the seeds of 56 F2 populations, plus the eight parents, were evaluated in the field in Vicosa, MG, Brazil in the winter harvest of 2020 using a simple lattice design (8x8). The trait scores of (1) severity of tan spot (Pyrenophora triticirepentis), (2) severity of wheat head blast (WHB) (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum), (3) days to heading, (4) spike height, (5) and total grain weight of the plot were evaluated. We performed a diallel analysis using mixed models to obtain the effects of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and estimation of population genotypic values. The additive effect predominated for the control of all traits, except for spike height. There were greater GCA effects for the set of parental maternal plants. Heritability, in the narrow sense, ranged from 0.20 (blast) to 0.66 (heading). There was an effect of maternal GCA for all variables, while for paternal GCA the effect was only for days passed for head and total grain weight. Populations derived from the cultivars TBIO Aton, TBIO Ponteiro, and TBIO Sossego had lower disease severity, while the combinations from BRS 254, BRS 264, and BRS 394 had earlier maturation time. The most promising combinations to derive lines for the set of traits were BRS 254 x CD 1303, BRS 394 x TBIO Aton, TBIO Aton x BRS 254, CD 1303 x BRS 254, and CD 1303 x BRS 264.

Abstract References to mass housing complexes tend to balance between their generally unknown realities and the pervasive power of their representations. These are often nourished by emotional experiences conveyed by words and images in mass media and political discourse - especially when it comes to ghettos or problematic suburbs - and multiple arrays of commercial, documentary, and fictional depictions of everyday realities or aspirational imaginaries. Complementarily, different media types entered middle- and lower-class houses, rendering these mediations bidirectional by progressively conquering their place in the domestic scene. Besides, the history of access to housing runs parallel and often intertwined with the history of media, rendering mass housing an object of mass media and a pop culture subject, entangling different and often contradictory representations. Simultaneously the country of bande dessinée and the crisis of the banlieues, France is a particularly revealing example. Since the mid-1960s, comic strips acquired a special status in French society that rendered it an accurate cultural barometer of its culture. Alongside, France extensively built social housing estates in the outskirts of its major cities throughout Les Trente Glorieuses. As a result, these grands ensembles often became highly stigmatised and mediatised places with their bars and towers, frequently depicted in cinema, literature, comic strips, and other art forms. This paper aims to discuss the state of the art of the presence of social housing estates in French comics and present an array of comic books - produced since the 1970s - that depict these architectures and illustrate their social questions. These examples reveal the qualities and expose the contradictions of comics and the seductive power of the medium to explore the urban context of the banlieue, either when narrating its dystopic and violent environments or when enhancing the anthropological and visual qualities of these suburban settings.

ABSTRACT Subsistence hunting is the main source of protein for forest reserve dwellers, contributing to the development of spurious infections by Calodium hepaticum, frequently associated with the consumption of the liver from wild mammals. The prevalence of infections by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal protozoa is considered an indicator of the social vulnerability of a country, besides providing information on habits, customs and quality of life of a given population. Intestinal parasites mostly affect poor rural communities with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study reports the results of a parasitological survey carried out in 2017 and 2019, in two municipalities (Xapuri and Sena Madureira) in Acre State. Stool samples were collected from 276 inhabitants. Upon receipt, each sample was divided into two aliquots. Fresh samples without preservative were processed and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by the spontaneous sedimentation and the centrifugal sedimentation techniques. Calodium hepaticum eggs were found in three stool samples. The overall STH prevalence was 44.9%. The hookworm prevalence (19.2%) was higher than that of Ascaris lumbricoides (2.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.7%), an unexpected finding for municipalities belonging to the Western Brazilian Amazon. When considering parasites transmitted via the fecal-oral route, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli showed the highest positivity rates, of 13% and 10.9%, respectively. This study is the first report of spurious infection by C. hepaticum among forest reserve dwellers that consume undercooked liver of lowland pacas. Additionally, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in Acre State.

RESUMO Neste artigo temos como objetivo examinar práticas de linguagem que circunscrevem fenômenos de mercantilização de linguagem em um evento festivo - Deutsches Fest -que acontece anualmente em uma cidade do Oeste do Paraná. Argumentamos que houve em parte um movimento inverso ao sugerido por Heller e Duchêne (2012, 2016): de uso inicial da linguagem como recurso ou valor agregado na festa (lucro) resultou em seu uso como marca identitária (orgulho). Alguns moradores que se envergonhavam de serem “colonos alemães” passaram, com a festa, a se orgulharem de práticas que assim os identificam. Realizada anualmente a partir de 2012, a festa atualiza a história dos moradores, descendentes de imigrantes alemães vindos do Rio Grande do Sul na década de 1960, e as identidades local/regional e nacional (“alemães” versus cidadãos brasileiros), mostrando como esse evento possibilitou essa mudança identitária. Nosso foco são as práticas de linguagem escrita e oral ‒ anúncios em jornais, comerciais da mídia, entrevistas, postagens no Facebook, programas de tevê ‒, e práticas semióticas ‒ as cores da bandeira alemã e o vestuário ‒ na realização da festa, um evento público e coletivo com duração de três dias. Os resultados sugerem que essas práticas são mobilizações simbólicas e econômicas da linguagem que tanto impulsionam o evento turístico comercial quanto promovem discursos de orgulho pelo pertencimento a uma “cultura alemã local”.

ABSTRACT In this article, we aim to approach language practices that circumscribe language commodification phenomena in a festive event - Deutsches Fest -, which takes place annually in a small town in the Brazilian state of Paraná. We argue that there has been a movement opposite to that suggested by Heller and Duchêne (2012, 2016): from the use of language at the festival initially as a resource or aded commercial value (profit) has resulted in its use as an identity mark (pride). Some residents who used to be ashamed of being “colonos” (settlers), have become, through the festival, proud of the practices that identity them as such. Held annually since 2002, the festival rewrites the history of the residents’ migration, as these descendants of German immigrants who left the state Rio Grande do Sul in the 1960s revise local/regional and national identities (“Germans” versus Brazilian citizens). Our focus is on written and oral language practices - which circulate in newspapers, media commercials, interviews, Facebook posts, TV programs -, and semiotic practices such as the colors of the German flag and clothing, as well as the Festival itself, a 3-day public and collective event celebrated through dance, dinners, barbecues, draft beer, sports competitions and other recreational activities. The results demonstrate that these practices are symbolic and economic mobilizations of language marked by tensions that have raised discourses of pride of belonging to a “local German culture” shared by the residents.

Abstract The present study selected progenies, aiming at the production of green corn, by methods of intrapopulation recurrent selection with subsequent recombination, generating open-pollinated populations. To this end, in the 2017/2018 second season, progenies from the PMVJ01 population (originated from the recombination of progenies of the TG-02R2 x AG1051 cross) were evaluated, using PMVJ01 and the hybrid AG1051 as controls. The following parameters were evaluated: flowering, heights, green ear yield, husk cover, ear diameter and length, mass yield, ear shape, number of rows on the ear, alignment of rows, color of kernels, and husk width and length. Genetic parameters were estimated, and the gain was predicted with the selection of 20% of the progenies, using the index of Mulamba and Mock in four selection procedures and a fifth by multivariate method. Genetic variability was found in the population, which allows advances in the selection process. After recombination, two of the populations generated showed potential for use as open-pollinated cultivar.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a estratégia seletiva mais adequada para o incremento simultâneo de componentes da produção de milho verde, pela comparação de três índices de seleção, ponderados por pesos econômicos, e pelo método REML/BLUP, na avaliação de ganhos genéticos previstos para os caracteres de interesse. Um ensaio com 75 híbridos topcross, de linhagens S1 parcialmente endogâmicas de milho-verde foi implementado em Jataí, GO, Brasil, tendo-se utilizado um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As seguintes características de produtividade foram avaliadas: espigas empalhadas e espigas comerciais, massa de grãos, comprimento de espiga, diâmetro de espiga e número de fileiras da espiga. Os índices de seleção de Smith e Hazel, Williams e de Mulamba & Mock foram aplicados e ponderados por quatro pesos econômicos (1, CVg, CVg/CVe e h2). Entre os índices de seleção testados, o de Williams e os de Mulamba & Mock são os melhores para a seleção de híbridos de milho verde, pois proporcionam ganhos de seleção positivos e mais equilibrados em todos os caracteres avaliados. O método REML/BLUP apresenta melhores ganhos genéticos preditos do que os obtidos pelos três índices de seleção estudados, além de ser eficiente para a seleção de híbridos topcross de milho verde.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to define the most suitable selective strategy for the simultaneous increment of yield components of green maize, by comparing three selection indexes weighted by economic weights and by the REML/BLUP method, in the assessment of predicted genetic gains for traits of interest. An experiment with 75 topcross hybrids from partially inbred S1 lines of green maize was carried out in Jataí, in the state of Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The following yield traits were evaluated: straw ears and commercial ears, grain mass, ear length, ear diameter, and number of ear rows. The selection indexes of Smith and Hazel, Williams, and Mulamba & Mock were applied and weighted for four economic weights (1, CVg, CVg/CVe, and h2). Among the tested selection indexes, those of Williams and Mulamba & Mock are the best-fit ones for the selection of topcross hybrids of green maize, as they provide positive and more balanced selection gains for all evaluated traits. The REML/BLUP method shows better predicted genetic gains than those achieved by the three selection indexes, besides being efficient for the selection of topcross hybrids of green maize.

Resumo Considerando que os efeitos de área e os efeitos de borda são os mais importantes fatores que levam às alterações na paisagem através da fragmentação de comunidades terrestre, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as mudanças em área e estrutura das classes de vegetação de uma paisagem fragmentada. Para tanto, a metodologia foi baseada no modelo de dinâmica de manchas entre os anos de 1979 e 2015 e a análise por meio de variáveis quantitativas (área, formato e efeito de borda) e qualitativas (baixa declividade do terreno, resistência ao fogo e tolerância à variação de luz) das classes de vegetação. O presente estudo identificou processos de retração e expansão das classes de vegetação e a alteração na estrutura dos fragmentos resultando na intensificação do efeito de borda.

Abstract Considering that area and edge effects are the most important factors that lead to landscape changes from the fragmentation of terrestrial communities, the present study aimed to analyze changes in the structure of vegetation classes of a fragmented landscape. The methodology employed was based on a model of patch dynamics for the years between 1979 and 2015. The analysis was performed with quantitative (area, shape and edge effect) and qualitative (low declivity of the terrain, fire resistance and tolerance to variation in light) variables of the classes of vegetation. Processes of retraction and expansion of the vegetation classes were identified, as well as the alteration of the structure of the fragments, which resulted in the intensification of the edge effect.

Abstract The use of biodegradable polymers arouses biotechnological interest. This use allows applications in health and environment. Here is present the characterization and a proposition for the use of cashew (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.) polysaccharide including peroxidase immobilization for wastewater bioremediation. From the cashew gum exudate, the polysaccharide was extracted by precipitation in ethanol at 4 °C. This material is able to immobilize Horseradish peroxidase by physical adsorption and via sodium periodate with 75% and 93% of efficiency, respectively. These systems have a storage and operational stability, and removed phenolic compounds above 50% in industrial effluent samples. The bioassays in the presence of Artemia salina and Allium cepa root not only revealed no toxicity to this polysaccharide, but also presented the ability to reduce the toxicity of the industrial effluent by 50%. Immobilized cashew polysaccharide complexes are potential alternatives for waste treatment and decontaminant agents for water treatment applications. The polysaccharide is a low-cost natural matrix for environmental-technological applications.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é identificar se o uso de um software de plataforma BIM associado ao método AHP de tomada de decisão, pode auxiliar no processo decisório, durante a fase de concepção de projetos. Três sistemas construtivos são analisados: Alvenaria Estrutural, Light Steel Framing e Light Wood Framing. A modelagem em BIM possibilitou simulações de cenários e facilitou a extração de dados, que, por sua vez, auxiliaram os especialistas na seleção do sistema construtivo mais adequado, considerando os critérios estabelecidos. A originalidade dessa pesquisa está em considerar vários fatores relevantes à escolha do sistema construtivo, e sua limitação está na modelagem somente das paredes dos sistemas construtivos analisados, e não da edificação completa.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify whether the use of a BIM platform software associated with the AHP decision-making method can assist in the decision-making process during the design phase of projects. Three construction systems were analyzed: Load-bearing masonry, Light Steel Framing and Light Wood Framing. BIM modeling enabled scenario simulations and facilitated the extraction of data, which, in turn, assisted experts in the selection of the most appropriate constructive system, considering the established criteria. The originality of this research lies on the consideration of several factors relevant to constructive system choice. The limitation lies in modeling only the walls of the analyzed constructive systems, and not of the complete building.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio es identificar si el uso de un software de plataforma BIM asociado al método AHP de toma de decisión, puede auxiliar en el proceso decisorio durante la fase de concepción de proyectos. Se analizan tres sistemas constructivos: Albañilería estructural, Light Steel Framing y Light Wood Framing. El modelado en BIM posibilitó simulaciones de escenarios y facilitó la extracción de datos, que a su vez ayudaron a los especialistas en la selección del sistema constructivo más adecuado, considerando los criterios establecidos. La originalidad de esta investigación está en considerar varios factores relevantes a la elección del sistema constructivo, y su limitación está en el modelado solamente de las paredes de los sistemas constructivos analizados, y no de la edificación completa.

Resumo Os compostos fenólicos ocorrem em efluentes de uma grande variedade de processos industriais e apresentam toxicidade e geram problemas ambientais. O tratamento desses resíduos via imobilização de enzimas indica que a peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) é a enzima mais utilizada. Nos mesmos processos, polímeros biodegradáveis têm gerado grande interesse para a comunidade científica e industrial. Neste trabalho os biopolímeros de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BC) e o polissacarídeo de caju arbóreo do Cerrado (PEJU-GO) foram utilizados como suportes para imobilização de peroxidase de extrato bruto de abobrinha verde via adsorção física e ligação covalente. Além disso, usamos esses sistemas para a remoção de fenóis de efluentes industriais. A microscopia eletrônica mostrou que BC possui uma superfície fibrosa e que PEJU-GO apresentou-se como material microporoso, características que facilitam processos de imobilização. Os espectros de infravermelho de ambos materiais elucidaram bandas características de açúcares. Para a estabilidade operacional após 30 dias de armazenamento a peroxidase imobilizada reteve 69 e 50% de atividade para BC e PEJU-GO, respectivamente. Os sistemas foram capazes de remover até 79% de compostos fenólicos de efluentes industriais. Assim sendo, os biopolímeros de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e do polissacarídeo de caju arbóreo do Cerrado são fontes promissoras para a biotecnologia, especialmente para a imobilização de peroxidase. Isto irá proporcionar a imobilização enzimática na prática laboratorial, com comportamento estável em diferentes condições de pH, a custo baixo, sendo um material biodegradável, não-tóxico e extraído de forma sustentável.

Abstract Phenolic compounds occur in effluents from a wide variety of industrial operations, and they present toxicity and generate environmental problems. The treatment of these wastes via enzyme immobilization indicates that peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7) is the enzyme with the widest application. In the same process, biodegradable polymers have generated significant interest from research and industrial communities. Here we applied biopolymers from sugarcane bagasse (SB) and Cerrado cashew-tree polysaccharide (PEJU-GO) as supports for peroxidase immobilization from crude green zucchini extract via physical adsorption and covalent bonding. In addition, we used these systems in the removal of phenols from industrial effluents. Electron microscopy showed a fibrous surface for SB and a microporous material for PEJU-GO, characteristics that facilitate the immobilization. The infrared of both materials elucidated characteristic bands of sugars. For operational stability after 30 days of storage, the immobilized peroxidase retained 69 and 50% activity for SB and PEJU-GO, respectively. The systems were able to remove up to 79% of phenolics from industrial wastes. Therefore, the biopolymers from sugarcane bagasse and cashew-tree polysaccharide are promising sources for biotechnology, especially when used for peroxidase immobilization. This will support enzymatic activity in laboratory practice, with homogeneous behavior in different pH conditions, at low cost, biodegradable, non-toxic and extracted in a sustainable way.

Resumo: A perda e a fragmentação de habitats são as principais ameaças à conservação da biodiversidade no bioma Cerrado. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as implicações da perda de habitat na persistência de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, levando em consideração as alterações espaciais e temporais dos fragmentos avaliados. O estudo foi realizado em 14 fragmentos (10,5 - 618 ha), localizados na região sudeste de Goiás, Brasil. Foram obtidos registros de 24 espécies de mamíferos, sendo que os dois locais com as maiores quantidades de habitat na paisagem apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies que as demais áreas. Os três grupos de mamíferos baseados na massa corporal criados neste estudo (peso < 5 kg; peso entre 5 e 20 kg; e peso > 20 kg) apresentaram respostas diferentes em relação às mudanças na paisagem. Para os mamíferos de maior porte, houve significativa associação entre a riqueza atual de espécies e a quantidade de habitat na paisagem de 2014, mas a riqueza de espécies de mamíferos de menor porte não apresentou relação significativa com nenhuma das variáveis das paisagens analisadas. Portanto, a quantidade de habitat presente na paisagem atual foi a variável mais importante para a riqueza de espécies de mamíferos, principalmente para as espécies de maior porte. O tempo de latência não ficou evidente na escala temporal avaliada, sendo que esse atraso na resposta pode ter ocorrido em tempo relativamente curto (< 15 anos), pois os fragmentos remanescentes nas paisagens estudadas em sua maioria são pequenos para suportar populações de mamíferos de maior porte e também podem deixar os indivíduos mais vulneráveis às ações antrópicas (e.g. caça), cujos efeitos podem acelerar as extinções locais.

Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to the conservation of Cerrado biodiversity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implications of habitat loss on the persistence of medium and large mammal species, considering the spatial and temporal changes (years 1985, 2000 and 2014) to the evaluated fragments. The study was carried out in 14 fragments (10.5 - 618 ha), located in Southeastern Goiás, Brazil. Records for 24 mammal species were obtained and revealed the two sites with the largest habitat amount in the landscape contained higher species richness than the remaining sites. The three mammal groups based on body mass (weight < 5 kg; weight between 5 and 20 kg; and weight > 20 kg) analyzed in this study showed different responses regarding landscape changes. For larger mammals (between 5 - 20 kg and > 20 kg), there was significant association between current species richness and the amount of habitat in 2014, while the species richness of smaller mammals did not significantly correlate with any of the variables assessed for any of the years. Therefore, the amount of habitat present within the current landscape was the most important variable regarding mammal species richness, especially for the larger species. The time lag was not evident at the time scale evaluated, and this delay in response may have occurred in a relatively short time (< 15 years). For the remaining fragments in the studied landscapes, most are too small to support populations of some larger mammal species and may also leave individuals more vulnerable to anthropogenic actions (e.g. hunting), whose effects may accelerate local extinctions.